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Commissioning of refrigeration system and points for attention
Release time:2016-10-21 10:57:46
A refrigeration system run-time considerations:
Expansion valve is one of the four components of the refrigerating system, is to regulate and control an important device for flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant into the evaporator, is also high and low pressure side of the "line". Its adjustment, not only affects the normal operation of the system can, but also measure the operator an important sign of technology.
Adjusting expansion valve must patiently carefully, adjusting pressure must be through the evaporator heat exchange with the warehouse temperature boiling (evaporation) through pipelines into the compressor suction Chamber after reflecting on thepressure gauge, needs a process. Each mobilization expansion valve, usually 15-30minutes of the time before the expansion valve regulating pressure in the suction pressure on the table.
Compressor suction pressure is an important reference to expansion valve pressureparameters. Expansion valve opening is small, the flow of refrigerant through the less pressure too low; the expansion valve open, and the flow of refrigerant through the many pressures are high. According to refrigerant thermodynamic properties, lower pressure, corresponds to lower the temperature of; the higher the pressure, corresponds to higher temperatures. According to this law, if the expansion valve pressure too low, the corresponding evaporation pressure and temperature is too low. Butsince entering the evaporator flow reduction, reduced pressure, causing evaporation slows, unit volume (time) decline in refrigeration, refrigeration efficiency. Conversely, if the expansion valve pressure too high, the corresponding evaporation pressureand temperature is too high. Entering the evaporator flow rate and pressure are increased, due to the excess liquid evaporates, tidal gas (liquid) compressor suction, causing wet stroke of compressor (fluid hammer), the compressor is not working properly, resulting in a series of bad conditions, or even damage to the compressor.
In view of this, correctly adjusting expansion valve for system operation is particularly important. To reduce the pressure and temperature expansion valves adjusted loss, expansion valve installed as far as possible away from the entrance of cold storage on the horizontal pipe, thermal package should cover the suction tube (low pressure) side of the central location. Expansion valve is working correctly, valve body frosting is oblique, Frost formation on inlet side should not be, or should be considered as inlet filter screen blockage or fouling. Under normal conditions, expansion valvework is very quiet, if obvious, "silk", indicating insufficient refrigerant in the system.Appears when the expansion valve temperature system leakage failure, control failure should be replaced.
Second, the exhaust temperature of the compressor is too high:
1, the suction pressure is too low, the suction pressure differential is too large (cylinder compression ratio), expansion valve opening is small, low pressure;
2, the suction temperature is too high, the suction superheat, suction pipe too longor poor insulation effect;
3, insufficient cooling water or water temperature is too high;
4, the system of Non-Condensable Gas (air);
5, the condensing pressure is too high, the corresponding condensation temperature too high, causing the exhaust temperature;
6, compressor cylinders or valve failure.
Third, compressor discharge pressure too high:
1, the system of Non-Condensable Gas (air);
2, insufficient cooling water or water temperature is too high;
3, the condenser is dirty, fouling too much;
4, too much refrigerant in the system.
Four, compressor oil temperature is too high:
1, compressor suction temperature is too high;
2, oil too dirty or oily, too bad;
3, mechanical wear of compressor.
Five, evaporating temperature and pressure
Evaporation temperature and pressure is determined by the user's request. Evaporation temperature of the system, should be based on the temperature of the coolingmedium work requirements and characteristics to determine. Adjusting the evaporation temperature is actually adjusting the evaporation temperature difference between the temperature and the temperatures of the cooling medium. From the standpoint of heat transfer, temperature achieved, the heat transfer effects, and cool quickly. But increasing temperature and evaporation temperature. The refrigerating capacity of the compressor, when the condensing temperature is constant, the evaporation temperature, the lower the smaller the cooling capacity. Due to insufficient cooling capacity, so that the temperatures of the cooling medium drop down. Temperature is small, poor heat transfer effect, increases cooling capacity of the compressor, evaporator heat-exchanger is not sufficient. Thus different according to the refrigeration equipment, reasonable choice of temperature.
Adjusting the evaporation temperature and temperature difference by cooling medium, in fact, is to adjust the throttle valve hole opening. When running in debug, mainly by evaporation pressure changes were observed to determine if expansion valveopening is acceptable. Such as a valve through a small, inadequate feeding, the evaporation pressure and evaporation temperature drops, compressor suction superheat, exhaust temperature also increased and the volume of liquid supply is excessive,the evaporation pressure and evaporation temperature is elevated, too much liquid,also will have a liquid shock compressor. Control throttle opening is running correctly adjust the evaporation temperature and pressure is one of the main methods. Also, dang cooling equipment load and compressor of capacity not variable, if evaporator hot exchange area design had small or both inside and outside surface has dirt, is makes evaporation temperature reduced; as hot exchange surface had big, is evaporation temperature increased; if cooling equipment load and evaporator hot exchange area are not variable Shi, compressor capacity increases, is evaporation pressure and temperature reduced, capacity reduced Shi, is evaporation temperature and pressure increased.
Six, condensing and condensing pressure
Refrigeration system of condensing pressure as indicated by the pressure gauge pressure, expressed in absolute pressure. In the General case, condensing temperature5-7 higher than the cooling water inlet temperature ° c, higher than forced ventilation cooling air inlet temperature 10~15℃. When the evaporation temperature is constant, condensation temperature, condensing pressure will also rise, the compression ratio of the compressor increases volumetric efficiency decreases, reduced refrigerating capacity of the compressor, and power consumption is increased. In addition,the condensing pressure, compression and exhaust temperatures. If the exhaust temperature is too high, the compressor lubricating oil thinning, influence of lubrication, when the exhaust temperature and lubricant when the doors close, lubricants are carbonized and accumulate in the exhaust valves will be rendered, affecting the tightness of the valve.
Condensing temperature is too high, from a design perspective because condensation area is too small. At this point, cannot under pressure from compressor to condenser condensation superheated gases to all liquids, but only under high pressure and temperature condensing. In this case, only increase the condenser area, or reducethe number of running parallel systems compressors.
During operation, inner surface of the condenser of dirt or a system with a small amount of Non-Condensable gases such as air, can increase heat resistance, make it impossible for refrigerant vapor condensation in a timely manner. Usually treatment isregular oil, air and water quality to remove scale.
Reducing the condensing temperature refrigeration unit runs good measures that could be taken: first, lower the condenser cooling water inlet temperature; second, increase the amount of cooling water. But the cooling water temperature depends onthe temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere, affected and restricted bynatural conditions and increase the cooling water flow is simple and easy, but increase the cooling water flow rate, cooling water pump power increases caused by.
Is the open circulatory system of cooling water, dust, debris and other harmful substances in the atmosphere, will dissolve in the water, cooling water system poses a serious risk. Cooling water system and the condenser pipes must be washed once a year to ensure the normal performance of the condenser.
Seven, compressor suction temperature
Compressor suction temperature, positive displacement compressors, refers to the compressor suction of refrigerant gas in the cavity temperature. Suction temperaturehigh exhaust temperature is high, the specific volume of refrigerant when it is inhaled, when the compressor volumetric refrigeration quantity small; on the contrary, thecompressor suction temperature is low, its volumetric refrigeration capacity. But thecompressor suction temperature too low may result in liquid refrigerant compressorsuction, reciprocating compressor fluid hammer.
In addition, the compressor is the length of the suction pipe and wrap the insulationperformance of, size of superheat, also have an impact. Suction temperature controlsuction Superheat of the refrigeration unit to 10℃, freon systems in the regenerative heat exchanger suction superheat is 15 ℃ appropriate. In machine operation, therefore, must pay attention to the compressor suction temperature control is usually adjust the adjusting screw to adjust the thermostatic expansion valve superheat size.
Eight, compressor discharge temperature
Compressor discharge temperature refrigerant is compressed by high-pressure superheated steam. Due to the compressor discharge refrigerant for superheated steam, there is no relationship between pressure and temperature. Compressor discharge temperature can be read out from the exhaust pipe path thermometers.
Discharge pressure is slightly higher than the condensing pressure, and exhaust gastemperature condensation temperature is much higher. Exhaust temperature other than the refrigerant type, mainly with the suction temperature, pressure, and the pressure ratio, and increases them. Condensing temperature and high discharge temperature on the operation of the compressor is bad.
Nine other considerations
1, compressor suction temperature should be higher than the evaporation temperature 5-15 ℃;
2 R22 system, compressor exhaust temperature should not exceed 150 ℃;
3, compressor crankcase oil temperature shall not exceed a maximum of 70 ℃;
4, compressor suction pressure should correspond to the evaporating pressure;
5, compressor discharge pressure R22 system shall not exceed 1.8MPa;
6, compressor oil pressure higher than the suction pressure 0.12-0.3MPa;
7, constant attention to cooling water flow and water temperature, condenser watertemperature should be higher than the water temperature 2-5 ℃;
8, regular attention to the compressor crankcase oil level and oil separator oil return;
9, compressor must be no beat, body heat is normal;
10, the condensing pressure shall not exceed the compressor discharge pressure range.