- News
- Wet curtain air cooler refrigeration room layout and installation
- The liquid refrigerant in the refrigeration system problems
- Selection of refrigeration system condensers
- Detail the evaporation temperature of refrigeration and air conditioning systems
- Ammonia refrigeration compressor common faults and troubleshooting
- Refrigeration system in a large data center trends
- Refrigerating device fault analysis of automatic control
- Maintenance and repair of air conditioning and refrigeration compressors are three methods
- How to judge the refrigeration equipment is working properly?
- Three maintenance testing methods for air conditioning and refrigeration compressors
Refrigeration compressor motor is burnt out inspection and maintenance methods
Release time:2016-09-08 12:19:15
Refrigeration compressor motor Burnout detection and repair methods are there? Kids know? Today's insight together with us!
The core components for the refrigeration system compressor, motor compressors(hereinafter referred to as the compressor) of the failure can be classified as motor failure and mechanical failure (including the crankshaft, connecting rods, Pistons, valves, cylinder head gasket, etc). Mechanical failure is often the motor overload or locked rotor, is one of the main causes of motor damage.
Motor damage mainly for insulation of the stator winding failure (short circuit) andcircuit breaker. Stator winding time after damage was found, may ultimately lead to the winding burned to the ground. Winding burns out, conceal some resulting in burnt or direct causes, making analysis and investigation more difficult.
However, the power input of the motor can not run without the normal, reasonablemotor load, good heat dissipation and coil wire insulation protection.
From these aspects, not hard to find reasons unit burned the following six:
(1) abnormal load and lock (2) winding short circuit caused by scrap metal; (3) contactor, (4) and abnormal voltage of power supply missing phase (5) insufficient cooling, (6) compressor vacuum. In fact, many factors lead to motor damage is more common.
1 abnormal load and lock
Motor load, including compressed gases needed to load and load required to overcome friction. Compression ratio is too large, or too much pressure, will make the process more difficult and lubrication failure due to increased friction, and in extremecases the motor locked rotor, greatly increasing the burden on the motor.
Failure of lubrication, friction increases, is the primary cause of the abnormal load. Diluted oil, and lubricating oil overheating oil coking modification, as well as the lackof oil will disrupt normal lubrication, leading to lubrication failure. Diluted oil, affectthe friction of normal oil film formation, and even washed away the original film, increases friction and wear. Compressor overheating can cause lubricating oil temperature thinning even Coker, affecting the normal oil film formation. Poor oil return system, compressor oil, naturally cannot maintain normal lubrication. High speed rotation of the crankshaft, connecting rod piston, high speed, no oil film to protect the friction will heat up rapidly, rapid evaporation of local temperature the lubricant or coking, lubrication make the parts more difficult, local severe wear can cause within a few seconds. Failure of lubrication, wear, make crankshaft rotation needs more torque. Low-power compressors (such as refrigerators, home air conditioning compressors) due to the small motor, lubrication failure often occurs after stalling (motor not rotating), and enter "blocking-heat protection-blocking" endless loop, motor burnedonly a matter of time. High power semi-hermetic compressor motor torque is big, wear does not cause locked-rotor, motor power in a certain scope increases as the load, thus causing more serious wear, and even lead to piston seizure (piston in the cylinder), Rod fracture and serious damage.
When the locked-rotor current (locked rotor current) is about 4-8 times the normal operating current. Starting moment, peak current can be close to or reach the locked rotor current. Due to electric resistance heat is proportional to the square of the current, starting and stalling the current winding heat up rapidly. Thermal protectioncan be in the locked-rotor protection electrode, but generally don't have a very fastresponse, not prevent frequent starts caused winding temperature changes. Frequent start and abnormal loads, the winding temperature tested, will reduce the wire's insulation.
In addition, the load increases the compression ratio required for compressed gas increases and the differential pressure increases. High compressor for low temperature or low temperature compressors for high temperature will affect the motor load and heat dissipation is not suitable, it will shorten the life of electrode.
Winding insulation after poor performance if other factors (such as metal chips conductive circuit, acidic lubricating oil and so on) complex, it is easy to cause a short circuit and damage.
2 scrap metal caused by a short circuit
Inclusion in of windings of metal shavings are short circuit and grounding insulationvalue low in the first place. Normal vibration of the compressor running, and each time you start winding under electromagnetic force and twist, inclusions between thewindings of metal shavings and relative motion and friction between the winding wire. Edges sharp scrap metal will scratch enameled wire insulation and cause a short circuit.
Sources of scrap metal left including the construction of brass scrap, slag, compressor wear and component damage (such as valve broken) drop when metal shavings.For hermetic compressors (including hermetic scroll compressors), metal chips or debris will fall on the winding. For semi-hermetic compressors, some particles with gasand oil flows through the system, finally magnetic gathered in the winding, and some metal shavings (for example, bearing wear and wear of rotor and stator (sweepinggun) when) will fall directly on the winding. After gathering scrap metal in the winding, short is just a matter of time.
Need particular attention is two-stage compressor. In the two-stage compressor, gas and oil directly into the first level of the normal (low level) cylinder compressed bypressure in cooling tube into the motor windings, and then as a normal single-stagecompressor and enter the second level (high pressure stage cylinders). Return air was mixed with lubricating oil, has made compression on thin ice, should the liquid, the first stage cylinder valve very easy to break. Broken valve in the pressure pipe intothe windings. Therefore, two-stage compressors single stage compressors are morelikely caused by scrap metal motor short circuit.
Unfortunately, things tend to get a piece of, problem analysis of compressor in theboot when the smell road is often the smell of oil. Metal face serious wear and tearwhen the temperature is very high, and lubricants at 175oC began when Coke. If there is more water in the system (vacuum is not ideal, lubricant and refrigerant water content, negative pressure suction tube after the collapse of air), lubricant acid can occur. Acidic lubricating oil will corrode copper windings and insulation, on the one hand, it can lead to copper on the other, this acidic lubricant containing copper atoms of poor insulation performance, provided conditions for winding.
3 contactor problem
Contactor is one of the most important parts in the motor control circuits, unreasonable selection may destroy the best compressor. According to load the correct choice of contactors is extremely important.
Contactors must be able to meet the tough conditions, fast cycle, continuous overload and low voltage. They must have a large enough surface area to distribute the heat generated by the load current, contact materials chosen must start or stalling under the current situation, to prevent bonding.
Contactors rated current rated current must not be lower than on the compressor nameplate. Size small or low-quality contactor cannot endure the compressor start, locked rotor and low voltage high current impulse, prone to single-phase or poly-phase contact jitter, weld or even fall off, which may cause damage.
Contact jitter Kai power contactor frequently. Motors frequent starts, huge startup current and heat, exacerbates-winding insulating layer of aging. Each time it starts, magnetic moment with small friction between the moving and the motor winding. If there are other factors (such as metal chips, poor insulation oil, etc), can easily lead to the winding short circuit. Thermal protection system is not designed to prevent such destruction. Furthermore, the contactor coils easy failure of jitter. If there is contact with the coil is damaged, prone to single phase.
If small selection of contactor contacts arc and cannot afford because of the frequent start and stop cycles or unstable voltage control circuit of temperature, may be welded or off from contact. Welding contact will result in permanent single-phase State, overload protector continues to cycle on and off.
Needs to be emphasized is that contactors after touching the spot, relying on contacts disconnect the compressor power circuit all control (such as high and low pressure control, pressure control, defrost control) will be forfeited, the compressor is notprotected.
Therefore, when the motor burns out, check the contactor is essential operations. Contactor is an often forgotten of motor damage important reasons.
4 power supply missing phase and abnormal voltage
Voltage is not normal and can easily destroy any motor. Supply voltage must not exceed the rated voltage range of ± 10%. Unbalanced three-phase voltage must not exceed 5%. High-power Motors must be independent of the power supply, in case the line with other high power devices and operation of low voltage. Motor power cable must be capable of carrying the rated current of the motor.
If phase occurs when the compressor is running, it will continue to run but there arelot of load current. Motor windings will quickly overheat, compressor thermal protection under normal conditions. When cooled to the temperature of motor winding, contactor closed, but compressor does not start up and appear locked-rotor, and enter "blocking-heat protection-blocking" infinite loop.
Modern motor windings are very small, power supply three-phase equilibrium phase current of difference can be ignored. Ideally, voltage is always the same, as long as in any phase by one protector prevents damage caused by overcurrent. It is difficult to ensure the voltage balance.
Voltage imbalance calculation as a percentage, three phase voltages and the maximum deviation of the average voltage/three-phase voltage average ratio. for example, the nominal 380V three-phase power supply, measuring voltage terminals of thecompressor for 380V,366V,400V. 382V three-phase voltage average can be calculated, the maximum deviation is 20V, voltage imbalance percentage was 5.2%.
As a result of voltage unbalance in normal operation the load current unbalance voltage imbalance of 4-10 times the number of percentage points. In the preceding example, 5.2% does not balance the current unbalance voltage may cause 50%.
United States National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) motor and generator standards publication pointed out that phase winding temperature rise causedby unbalanced voltage was about voltage imbalance in percentage points as a percentage number square twice. Voltage unbalance value of 5.2 in the previous example, windings temperatures increase the percentage to 54%. results in a phase winding from overheating while the other two winding temperature is normal.
A U.L. (Underwriters Laboratories, United States) to complete survey, 43% voltage unbalance of the power company allows 3%, while 30% allows 5% of voltage unbalance of the power companies.
5 insufficient cooling
Power is generally return-air cooling of the compressor. Lower evaporation temperature, mass flow is often smaller. When at low evaporating temperatures (more than the manufacturer's requirements), the flow is not sufficient to cool the motor, the motor will operate at higher temperatures. Air cooled compressors (typically not more than 10HP) dependence on the return air is small, but has clear requirements for ambient temperature and the cooling air of the compressor.
Substantial leakage of refrigerant will cause mass flow decreases, the cooling of themotor will also be affected. Some unattended, such as cold storage, often have to wait until the poor cooling effect will find substantial leakage of refrigerant.
Motor overheating protection appears frequently, users who do not check the reason, even thermal protected short circuit, it is a very bad thing. Before long, the motorwill burn.
Compressors have a safe operating condition ranges. Security considerations of themain conditions is the compressor and motor load and cooling. Price is different due to the different temperature of the compressor, last domestic refrigeration industry use compressors are more common. With expertise and economic conditions improve, the situation has improved significantly.
6 compressor vacuum
Open refrigeration compressor has been forgotten, but there are some on-site construction personnel in the refrigeration industry retain the habit – compressor vacuum. This is very dangerous.
Air play the role of insulation. Airtight containers after the vacuum, which discharges between electrodes is very likely to occur. Therefore, as the vacuum of compressorhousing deepened, shell exposed terminals or tiny broken insulation between the windings insulation medium is lost, once powered on, the motor could die in the short circuit burned. If leakage of the shell, and may cause electric shock.
Therefore, prohibit the use of compressor vacuum, and while the system is in a vacuum and compressor (finished the vacuum did not add refrigerant), to power up thecompressor is strictly prohibited.
7 summary
The motor burns out, masking winding damage phenomenon, created some difficulties for failure analysis. Cause damage to the compressor motor, however the root cause and will not go away. Poor lubrication failure caused an exception when loading or even stalling, lack of heat will shorten the life of winding; scrap metal are inclusions in of windings also for short circuit provides variable profit contactor bonding will enable protection of the compressor cannot perform motor on which the exception occurred running power, will ultimately destroy any motor compressor vacuummay cause binding post discharge.
Unfortunately, these negative factors will cause abnormal loads and large current at locked rotor can lead to contactor for welding; a single contact point drawn arc welding can cause even or not balanced or single phase; and phase unbalance can cause cooling problems; insufficient cooling will lead to wear wear will produce scrap metal ...
Therefore, properly installed using the compressor, and routine maintenance, you can prevent the emergence of unfavorable factors, is the fundamental way to avoid compressor damage.