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Encyclopedia of refrigeration: HVAC necessary knowledge sharing
Release time:2016-10-31 15:55:12
HVAC knowledge necessary
Central air conditioner central air conditioning is made up of a host through the duct air or hot and cold water pipes of Terminal to control the different rooms to meetthe indoor air conditioning air conditioning purposes. That is from it to supply heating and cooling the rooms, only fan in each room and refrigeration outside all in a box.
Central air conditioning systems: host and terminal systems. Media by the burden ofindoor heat and humidity can be divided into all-air systems, water systems, air-water systems, cooling system. Classified according to the concentration of air treatment equipment centralized and semi-centralized. Sources are processed by air can be divided into closed-end, DC, hybrid (first return second return air). Main equipment are air conditioning (hot and cold sources) hood, fan coil units and so on.
Refrigerant: refrigerant is refrigerant, is complete the refrigeration cycle working medium in the refrigeration system. Draw objects that are cooled in the evaporator of refrigerant evaporated by the heat, in the condenser heat transfer to the surrounding air or water is condensed into a liquid. Refrigerators with refrigerant state change,achieve the purpose of refrigeration.
Cooling capacity: cooling when running the air conditioner, per unit time, low pressure side of the refrigerant in the evaporator absorbs the heat, commonly used unit for w or KW.
Heat pump heating: when running air conditioner heat pump heating (heat pump auxiliary electric heater should be run at the same time) into a confined space, the room or area per unit of time in the heat.
Air blower plate Tube: sets commonly used heat exchanger in central air conditioning system, made up of finned tubes and fan, coolant flow through the fan-coil (inside), and tube air heat and cool the air. Fan-coil unit is air cooled equipment.
Coefficient of performance: refrigeration (hot) loop cooling (heat) and cooling (hot)power consumption ratio of coefficient of performance. Refrigeration EER, EER says:When heating coefficient of performance, COP said.
Coolant: coolant is in indirect refrigeration systems for the delivery of cooling medium. Coolant is cooled by refrigerant in the evaporator, and delivered to the cooling equipment cooling, heat absorption are cooling the body or the environment, then return to the evaporator refrigerant cooled again, this constant cycle, in order to achieve the objective of continuous cooling.
Water-cooled chillers: water-cooled chiller belongs to the chiller in central air conditioning system part, the coolant is water, known as chillers and cooling of the condenser to cool the heat of water at room temperature to achieve the so called water cooling unit. With water cooled machine called air-cooled units, air cooled condenserwith forced ventilation of the room air heat cooling purposes.
Cooling towers: by means of air water cooled equipment, installed at the top of thebuilding. In refrigeration, electricity, chemicals, and many other industries. Exhaust heat from the condenser equipment cooling water through cooling towers cooling cycle.
Module: it will change traditional freon piping to water systems, combining indoor and outdoor machine into the refrigeration unit, indoor unit to the fan-coil. Use of coolant water refrigeration process heat, module machine because it can automatically adjust the start number of units according to cooling load requirements, flexible combination of named.
Online: online is actually not in the traditional sense of central air conditioning, central air conditioning in the traditional sense is into the fan-coil water, VRV is direct access f fan coil. So doomed to online line not too long, and pipeline energy consumption score online, online pipeline leak, are often unable to repair.
Frequency conversion multi-split all compressors are not frequency, generally only acompressor is the frequency, the other is fixed. Online pipe system more complicated control systems is more complex.
Module and screw machine, the difference between online: module and screw machine is full of water systems, namely from the hosts out of the freezing water, for to the end of the indoor air on devices such as the refrigeration.
Online people's systems, from the host is refrigerant (R22 or R410a refrigerant, etc),to the ends of the Interior is also fluoride pipes in the machine. A similar householdair conditioning units, becomes merely a drag, and joined the inverter (DC inverter and digital scroll frequency) technology.
Air-cooled and water-cooled machine difference: air cooled machines are referred to as hosts fan cooling, water machine only hosts on the water cooler. Air cooled machine compact, do not need a dedicated computer rooms, easy to maintain, the disadvantage is that refrigeration and heating was greatly influenced by climate, energy efficiency is slightly lower than water-cooled machines. Chillers are usually requireda dedicated computer rooms, with cooling towers, the system slightly more sophisticated, maintaining slightly cumbersome, most cannot be heated, the advantage is cost lower than that of air cooling, energy efficiency ratio is slightly higher than the air-cooled machine.
Energy efficiency ratio: air conditioner energy efficiency ratio, is the nominal refrigeration capacity (heat) and run power ratio EER and COP a mathematical expression is: EER= refrigeration/cooling/heating power consumption power consumption COP= heat. The higher the EER and COP, air conditioner energy consumption is smaller,higher performance. 2.6~2.8 five-level, 2.8~3.0 IV, 3.0~3.2 three, 3.2~3.4 II, 3.4 and above level. 1 the most energy-efficient, lowest level 5 energy efficiency, lower than level 5 does not allow listing of products for sale. Air conditioning enterprises need to increase energy efficiency on product identification signs informing consumers the level of energy efficiency.
Vertical offset: hot water two-pipe systems, due to the radiator and boiler height difference different, into and out of the supply and return water temperature of the radiator the same (without considering the effect of pipe cooling on the way), but vertically from a larger role with the boiler pressure from small pressure. Even with different diameter has failed to achieve the layer to balance appears uneven distributionof traffic up and down, hot and cold is not uniform, commonly referred to as verticalimbalance. Number of floors and building more upper and lower pressure difference greater vertical imbalances worse.
Design of heating system heat load: heating system heat load in a certain outdoor temperatures, in order to meet the temperature requirement, keep the room's heat balance, heat per unit time to building supply. Heating system design hot load Q ' including two part: part is maintenance structure heat transfer consumption heat Q1 ', that through buildings door, and window, and floor, and roof, maintenance structure by indoor to outdoor lost of heat; another part is heating by door, and window gap into to indoor of cold air of cold penetration consumption heat Q ' and heating due to door, and window opened and into to indoor of cold air of cold invaded consumption heat Q '.
Indoor air temperature: indoor air temperature generally refers to the ground within2.0M environment with an average temperature in the area of people's activity, should satisfy the people's life and production process requirements.
Calculating outdoor temperature for heating: outdoor design temperature for heating should be used over the average annual daily mean temperature of 5 days is notguaranteed.
Low thermal resistance (minimum resistance of heat transfer): specifically the designallowed for the calculation of heat transfer resistance of retaining structure of lowervalue. Minimum resistance of heat transfer objective, is to limit the excessive heat transfer through the building envelope, prevents condensation within tables, and restrictions on inner surface of radiant heat with the human body is too large and the body cold.
Economic resistance of heat transfer (economic thermal resistance): construction cost of the building envelope and per unit area (the initial investment depreciation) and application (share of the running costs for heating per unit area by retaining structure and equipment depreciation costs) and reaches a minimum resistance of heat transfer.
General ventilation: general ventilation is the ventilation of the entire room, room with fresh air into the Interior of the hygienic standard of harmful gas concentration dilution to the allowed range, while pollution of indoor air directly or after treatmentwas discharged to the outdoor atmosphere.
Ventilation: ventilation is to prevent the production of workshop production equipment accident or failure may be caused by sudden release of large amounts of harmful gases or explosive gases more persons or property provided for the loss of the exhaust system, is to ensure the safety of production and a necessary measure to protect the safety of workers.
CRE: CRE n is the amount of ventilation l (m3/h) and room volume v (m) ratio, that is, n=L/V.
Air quality: in the ventilation room, regardless of the ventilation system, unit into theindoor air quality of a voice the same time discharges the air quality remains equal.Air quality fan rooms to maintain a balance, this balance is air quality.
Energy balance: calorie balance is the total calories and the total loss of heat in the room is equal to maintain constant room temperature.
Fan: refers to the fan when working under normal conditions, the transmission volume of gas per unit of time, called the fan, expressed in symbols l, the unit is m3/h.
Fan air pressure: refers to per m of air through the dynamic pressure and static pressure of the fan should be provided and, with the symbol p, expressed in Pa.
Pq water vapour partial pressure: water vapor occupies a volume of moist air alone in the humid air, and has the same temperature of the moist air pressure when wet the partial pressure of water vapor in the air. Water vapour partial pressure size reflects the amount of water vapor content in the air. Water vapor content in the air, themore water vapour partial pressure is greater.
Saturated water vapor partial pressure of Pq.b: temperature, humidity while maximizing the amount of water vapour in the air moist air becomes saturated, the partial pressure of water vapor is called saturated water vapor partial pressure.
Moisture: the moisture content (d) corresponds to the definition of one kilogram ofdry air humidity the amount of water vapour in the air. Its units are represented byg/kg. Moisture content changes size with the amount of water vapor content in theair, it can accurately reflect the amount of water vapor content in the air.
Total pressure: static pressure and dynamic pressure and.
Heat exchanger: the temperature of the fluid in which the heat-exchange equipment, also known as a heat exchanger.
Expansion tank: on the volume of water in the hot water system expansion and contraction adjust compensation tank.
Radiator: to heating the room by convection and radiation heat dissipation of the device.
Heating: can spray out of the hot air flow air curtain, also known as hot air curtain.
Water: hot water system, the supply and return water mix, to achieve the required parameter entry device.
Strainer: water systems, to clear doping substances contamination in the circulatingwater hybrid devices.
Water: water systems, water for distribution to the various branches of the system set larger sections of the distribution device.
Water: water systems, for bringing together various branches of larger catchment ofthe water section of the system device.
Check valve: allows fluid to flow in one direction only, can automatically prevent reflux valves, also known as the check valve.
Valves: plug is perpendicular to the seat campaign to cut and adjust the flow rate ofthe valve.
Gate valve: used to cut off the locks and regulate the flow of the valve.
Angle valve: to close and regulate the flow of imports and exports at an angle to thedirection of the valve.